Dr Paul Ashley is senior architect working in the Tivoli Security Business Unit, part of the IBM Software Group. His area of expertise is providing architectural solutions for customers for their identity, security and privacy projects. He is also involved with Tivoli product development and standards work. He currently works out of the Tivoli Gold Coast software development office . Paul has worked for Tivoli for four years, including three years in the USA and one year in Australia. Before joining Tivoli, Paul worked as a lecturer in information security and data communications at the Queensland University of Technology. You can contact him at pashley@au.ibm.com.